Sources of bias in clinical trials: Cochrane Handbook Part II General methods for Cochrane reviews, Section 8 “Assessing Risk of bias in included studies”, Introduction to sources of bias in clinical trials
BMJ article about Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and appendix to same
AHRQ ’12 Assessing the Risk of Bias of Individual Studies in Systematic Reviews of Health Care Interventions, Appendix A
ROBINS-I (Risk of Bias in Non-randomized studies of Interventions) tool
Below are tools and articles about tools for assessing quality of research. We recommend you investigate what tools have been used in other reviews on your subject/in your discipline.
Jadad tool for assessing quality of clinical trials
Newcastle-Ottawa Scale assesses the quality of non-randomised studies in systematic reviews and meta-analyses
GRADE Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. Tool to assess quality (or certainty) of evidence and strength of recommendations. Considered the standard in guideline development
Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMTS) appraises methodological quality of five categories to studies: qualitative research, randomized controlled trials, non-randomized studies, quantitative descriptive studies, and mixed methods studies
Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CAPS) set of 8 critical appraisal tools for Systematic Reviews, Randomised Controlled Trials, Cohort Studies, Case Control Studies, Economic Evaluations, Diagnostic Studies, Qualitative studies and Clinical Prediction Rule.
Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies (2009) assessment tool for quantittative studies. Looks at selection bias, study design, confounders, blinding, data collection methods, withdrawals/dropouts, intervention integrity, and analyses.
Consensus on Health Economic Criteria (CHEC) asssesses methodological quality of economic evaluations in systematic reviews
The Delphi list for randomized controlled trials (RCTs)
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