Guides @ UF: Pan-American Authorities (PANA): Term Collection

Term Collection: Define Term

Use the definition of the English term provided by its source

For terms from Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) and Faceted Application of Subject Terminology (FAST), our goal is to follow these definitions (when available) and refrain from relying on external sources like dictionaries, as they might deviate from the definition Library of Congress uses.
- https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects.html
- https://fast.oclc.org/searchfast/
If you cannot find a direct definition from the provided links, then seek clues from the usage of the subject heading on the Library of Congress website.
- For example, by searching the term "City Promotion" in LC's catalog, the resulting items may provide a better idea of the meaning of the term.

Term Collection: PANA Sources

PANA Source List

Resource	Country	Description	Notes
EcuRed	Cuba	Digital Spanish-language encyclopedia
Armarc en línea	Colombia	Subscription-based authority file	See Cheat Sheet
Lemb Digit@l	Colombia & U.S.A.	Subscription-based authority file	See Cheat Sheet
Librunam	Mexico	Authority file	See Cheat Sheet
Catálogo Colectivo de Autoridades Bibliográficas (CCAB)	Chile	Authority file	See Cheat Sheet
Biblioteca Nacional de Argentina	Argentina	Authority file	See Cheat Sheet
Biblioteca de la ALADI	Uruguay	Authority file	See Cheat Sheet
Tesauro de Arte & Arquitectura (TA&A)	Chile	Spanish-language translation of the AAT
Biblioteca Nacional de España (abne or BNE)	Spain	Authority file	See Cheat Sheet
Eniciclonet	Spain	Digital Spanish-language encyclopedia
Enciclopedia Libre Universal en Español	Spain	Digital Spanish-language encyclopedia
Fundación del Español Urgente	Spain	Answers both grammar and cultural language questions	See Cheat Sheet
Real Academia Española	Spain	Digital Spanish-language dictionary
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)	Spain	Authority file
Queens Borough Public Library (QLSP)	U.S.A.	Authority file	See lcsh-es.org Cheat Sheet
Bilindex (1984)	U.S.A	Authority file	See lcsh-es.org Cheat Sheet
Spanish Dictionary	U.S.A.	Digital Spanish-language dictionary from a Spanish learning community
Linguee	U.S.A.	Web crawls, undergoes automatic (human-trained algorithm) that estimates the quality of translation
San Francisco Public Library (SFPL)	U.S.A.	Authority file	See lcsh-es.org Cheat Sheet
Art & Architecture Thesaurus (AAT)	U.S.A.	Genre thesaurus that provides Spanish-language equivalents
Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names (TGN)	U.S.A.	Geographic thesaurus that provides Spanish-language equivalents
WordReference.com	U.S.A.	Bilingual online dictionary
NAL Agricultural Thesaurus	U.S.A	NAL Agricultural Thesaurus (NALT) that provides Spanish-language equivalents

Begin by referring to the above-mentioned resources, followed by supplementary sources such as crowdsourcing sites and popular search engines.
Exercise caution with crowdsourcing platforms unless they are the sole available resource.
- “Crowdsourced web sites and services such as Wikipedia, DBpedia, Wikidata, eHow, Twitter, etc., are not generally considered to be authoritative though they can be useful sources because entries often provide references to authoritative print sources or web sites.”*
Hits from databases or popular search engines, like Google, are effective in assessing the popularity of a given term. Search engines, such as Google, provide insight into the prevalence of a term and its usage frequency.
- For example (searched on 3/12/2024):
  - "Guerra Hispano-Estadounidense": 98k hits
  - "Guerra Hispano-Cubano-Norteamericana": 16.4 hits
  - "Guerra hispano-americana, 1898": 13k hits
  - "Guerra hispano-americana 1898": 15.3k hits

**Reference H 202 Authority Research pages 3-4 (“b. Where to search for authoritative information”) for further guidance.

Term Collection: Non-Preferred Terms

Where are the non-preferred terms located in each resource?

Armarc en Línea 2.0: Terms listed as "UP" or "Usado Por" are non-preferred terms

Lemb Digit@l: The non-preferred terms are located in the 450 field.

Librunam: The non-preferred terms are listed as "Término no aceptado".

Biblioteca Nacional de España (abne or BNE): The non-preferred terms are listed as "Usado por":

Catálogo Colectivo de Autoridades Bibliográficas (CCAB): The non-preferred terms are listed as "Término no usado".

Catálogo de Autoridades de la Biblioteca Mariano Moreno, Biblioteca Nacional de Argentina: The non-preferred terms are listed as "Usado por".